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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 10 September 20
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION IN 2020 TO BE 511 MMST, 28 PER CENT LOWER THAN IN 2019 - EIA
EIA expects total U.S. coal production in 2020 to be 511 million short tons (MMst), 194 MMst (28%) lower than in 2019. Mitigation efforts related t ...
Thursday, 10 September 20
DRY BULK SHIPPING: CHINA'S DEMAND KEEPING THE DRY BULK MARKET GOING - PETER SAND | BIMCO
Overview
An impressive recovery in Chinese dry bulk imports has protected the industry from the effects of falling demand in the rest of the wo ...
Thursday, 10 September 20
TANKER SHIPPING: FREIGHT RATES BACK AT LOSS-MAKING LEVELS AFTER 12 VERY PROFITABLE MONTHS - BIMCO
Overview
A stunningly strong 12 months for the tanker shipping industry is now being replaced by lower freight rates, as lower oil product ...
Thursday, 10 September 20
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS STUMBLE IN AUGUST, RAISING RISK OF SLOW RECOVERY - REFINITIV | BANCHERO COSTA
After posting a mild recovery in July, India's coal imports have stumbled in August as the South Asian nation battles to restart it ...
Thursday, 10 September 20
THE FIRST 8 MONTHS OF 2020, INDONESIA EXPORTED 217.4 MLN TONNES OF COAL BASED ON REFINITIV - BANCHERO COSTA
The coal market has been hit by a weaker global economy as a result of COVID-19 pandemic and falling industrial electricity demand ...
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- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- White Energy Company Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Planning Commission, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Australian Coal Association
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
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