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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 01 December 23
COAL MINERS GROUP EXPECTS INDONESIA’S 2023 COAL OUTPUT TO SURPASS TARGET - REUTERS
The Indonesian Coal Mining Association (ICMA) expects the country’s 2023 coal output to surpass the official target of 695 million metric ton ...
Friday, 24 November 23
COAL IMPORTS TO INDIA IN OCTOBER 2023 REACHED HIGHEST LEVELS IN NEARLY A YEAR AND A HALF - VESSELSVALUE, VESON NAUTICAL
In October, coal imports to India reached 13.8 mt in October 2023, according to Oceanbolt, a Veson Nautical solution, the highest level since May 2 ...
Friday, 24 November 23
COAL SHIPMENTS TO ADVANCED ECONOMIES DOWN 17% SO FAR IN 2023 - BIMCO
In the first ten months of 2023, coal shipments to advanced economies fell by 17% y/y, as demand for electricity declined and the share of electric ...
Friday, 24 November 23
INTELLIGENT COAL MINES CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVING SAFETY STANDARDS - CHINA DAILY
Mechanization, automation and intelligent upgrades have contributed to improved safety in coal mines, though the level of development of intelligen ...
Friday, 24 November 23
WHY AUSTRALIA'S COAL MINES ARE GETTING BIGGER - IEEFA
Australia’s largest coal mines are getting larger. Mines in New South Wales (NSW) are ramping up production following the state’s recov ...
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- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
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