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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 18 September 20
INDIA'S COAL-FIRED POWER OUTPUT PICKS UP AS INDUSTRIAL USE RISES - REUTERS
India’s coal-fired electricity generation rose 9.4% in the first half of September, provisional government data showed, as demand from indust ...
Friday, 18 September 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Thursday, 17 September 20
LAST HOPES FOR DEMAND GROWTH SET TO DISAPPOINT THERMAL COAL EXPORTERS - IEEFA
Asian thermal coal exporters are fighting an uphill battle even in new markets
The world’s largest thermal coal exporter is eyeing new m ...
Wednesday, 16 September 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Another active week in terms of SnP has concluded in the dry bulk market with a diversified array of transactions recorded. Despite the correction ...
Friday, 11 September 20
IMO 2020: A REVIEW OF THE TRANSITION TO VLSFOS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Many predictions were made in the run up to the imposition of the MARPOL 2020 sulphur cap, none of which was that the tra ...
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- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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