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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 28 September 20
NEW LNG PROJECTS - ALL DRESSED UP AND NO PLACE TO GO - WOOD MACKENZIE
It was meant to be another boom year. After a record 70 mmtpa of new LNG capacity was sanctioned in 2019, at least as much capacity was lined up fo ...
Thursday, 24 September 20
SUPRAMAX: INDO TO INDIA FIXING AROUND US$13,000 - FEARNLEYS
Cape
Over the last week the iron ore segment from Brazil to China has picked up, and we see freight rates up USD 2 (12%) week on week Fearnleys ...
Thursday, 24 September 20
KOREA MIDLAND POWER TO BUY 1.92 MILLION TONS OF 4,300-4,700 NCV COAL FOR THREE YEARS
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co. Ltd, has issued an International tender for 640,000 MT 4,300-4,700 kcal/kg NCV coal per year.
...
Wednesday, 23 September 20
VIETNAM'S NEW POWER DEVELOPMENT PLAN MUST OPTIMIZE RENEWABLES AND AVOID FOSSIL FUEL LOCK-IN: IEEFA
EVN’s financial constraints leaves the utility with little room for error
Implementing Vietnam’s soon-to-be-launched next Power De ...
Wednesday, 23 September 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Undoubtedly, this year (ongoing) will never be forgotten because in a matter of months it has managed to severely affect and shape our day to day p ...
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- The University of Queensland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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