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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 30 September 20
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Tuesday, 29 September 20
RUSSIA'S COAL PRODUCTION TO DROP BY 10.5% IN 2020, SAYS MINISTRY - TASS
Russia’s Economic Development Ministry projects a 10.5% decrease in coal production in the country in 2020 compared with last year to 395 mln ...
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- VISA Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
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