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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 07 October 20
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TO DECREASE BY 26 PERCENT IN 2020 COMPARED TO 2019 - EIA
EIA expects total U.S. coal production in 2020 to be 525 million short tons (MMst), compared with 705 MMst in 2019, a 26% decrease.
COVID-19 a ...
Wednesday, 07 October 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The challenges brought forward in 2020 proved to be very different from what we could have ever imagined. Together with placing a significant strai ...
Tuesday, 06 October 20
KOSPO TO IMPORT 80,000 MT OF 3,800 NCV COAL FOR 2H NOV
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for 80,000 MT Min.3800 kcal/kg NCV coal 2H November, 2020 l ...
Friday, 02 October 20
THE INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE RISE AFTER HISTORIC CRASH TO US$ 49.42
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Price Reference for the month of October Rise to US$ 51.00 after historic crash to US$ 49.42 in September 2020.
...
Friday, 02 October 20
SRI LANKA MUST LEARN LESSONS FROM AROUND ASIA TO AVOID FURTHER ELECTRICITY CRISES - IEEFA
Overcommitment to fossil-fuelled power generation is leading to excess capacity and rising capacity payments, subsidies, and tariffs around the con ...
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- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- Planning Commission, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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