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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 14 October 20
CHINA COKING COAL FUTURES RALLY ON REPORTED BAN ON AUSTRALIA CARGOES - REUTERS
Dalian coking coal futures rallied for a sixth straight session on Tuesday after reports surfaced that China had stopped buying coal from Australia ...
Wednesday, 14 October 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The tanker market has experienced severe freight rate and asset value declines over the past 5 months. A potential market upturn may arise in the c ...
Friday, 09 October 20
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS IMPROVE SOMEWHAT, BUT RECOVERY IS UNEVEN - REUTERS
India’s coal imports, depressed by the impact of coronavirus this year, regained ground in September, but in an uneven uptick – shipmen ...
Thursday, 08 October 20
CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS FROM INDONESIA DECLINED 16.4% Y-O-Y, TO 80.2 MLN TONNES IN THE FIRST 9 MONTHS OF 2020 - BANCHERO COSTA
China's coal imports boomed in 2019, surprising many who had expected the government would clamp down strictly on shipments.
...
Thursday, 08 October 20
GLIMMER OF LIGHT FOR COAL, BUT SHORT TERM - FNARENA
Is coal on the rebound? Demand appears stronger and supply reductions have underpinned a tightening market. Certainly, the Newcastle thermal coal p ...
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- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Economic Council, Georgia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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