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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 21 October 20
INDIA: THE COMMERCIALISATION OF COAL BLOCKS WILL BENEFIT THE ECONOMY - HINDU BUSINESS LINE
As the government of India receives 76 bids for 23 coal mines against the 38 up on auction, what does this commercialisation of coal block allocati ...
Wednesday, 21 October 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The second wave of COVID-19 is now a reality; offices are closing again, and stricter rules and regulations are being implemented in public spaces. ...
Tuesday, 20 October 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.82 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 127.49 points Monday, up 0.82 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Tuesday, 20 October 20
BIMCO 'SHIPLEASE' TERM SHEET - WATSON FARLEY & WILLIAMS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The ever-growing importance of sale and leaseback transactions as an alternative to financing ships by way of loan, makes ...
Friday, 16 October 20
KOMIPO ON BEHALF OF K GENCO'S INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 715,000 MT MIN. 5,700 NAR COAL FOR DECEMBER
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO) on behalf of EWP, KOSPO, KOSEP and KOWEPO has issued an international tender for total 715,000& ...
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- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- White Energy Company Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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