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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 27 October 20
PLN STILL REFUSING TO ADAPT, A MOVE WHICH WILL HURT INVESTORS, CONSUMERS, AND THE GOVERNMENT PURSE - IEEFA
Utility’s latest planning report locks PLN into the past
PLN would be better served restructuring its business to address the current en ...
Monday, 26 October 20
'LONG ASCENT' TO RECOVERY OF GLOBAL GROWTH - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The global economy has so far avoided a “financial catastrophe” but growth projections from the International Monetary Fund’s lat ...
Friday, 23 October 20
SHIPPING LOANS AND COLLATERAL DAMAGE - VICTOR ONYEGBADO, AKABOGU & ASSOCIATES
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Shipping finance transactions are characterised by peculiar risk factors principally on account of the shipping asset&rsq ...
Friday, 23 October 20
WHAT WILL THE 2020 ELECTIONS MEAN FOR US ENERGY? - WOOD MACKENZIE
The 2020 elections present American voters with a choice between two radically different visions for the future of energy. President Donald Trump r ...
Wednesday, 21 October 20
BRAZIL EXPORTED 238.7 MLN TONNES OF IRON ORE IN THE FIRST 9 MONTHS OF 2020 - BANCHERO COSTA
Brazil’s iron ore exports have been gradually but steadily recovering following a disastrous winter period of 2019/2020. In the first 9 month ...
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
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