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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 02 November 20
PHILIPPINES GOVERNMENT SAYS NO TO NEW COAL PLANT PROPOSALS - IEEFA | 24 PILIPINAS
The Duterte administration will no longer accept proposals to construct new coal power plants, a dramatic shift in energy policy that counts on dec ...
Sunday, 01 November 20
GRADUAL RECOVERY FOR INDONESIAN COAL FROM 4Q20; RISKS REMAIN - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects the credit metrics of Indonesian coal miners and coal contractors to improve from 4Q20 with the recovery in volumes and price ...
Wednesday, 28 October 20
BIODIESEL - NEW FUELS, NEW CHALLENGES - GARD | DNV GL
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
One of numerous possible ways to comply with the IMO’s strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ...
Wednesday, 28 October 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.35 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 127.94 points Monday, up 0.35 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Wednesday, 28 October 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The global strive towards eco-friendliness and environmental sustainability in the shipping industry is mounting. There are currently almost 200 co ...
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- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
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