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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 06 November 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Thursday, 05 November 20
THE INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE RISES FOR SECOND CONSECUTIVE MONTH
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Price Reference rose for a 2nd month by 9.24% month on month. The Indonesia Coal Price Reference for the month of ...
Wednesday, 04 November 20
PHILIPPINES COAL MORATORIUM HIGHLIGHTS DRAMATIC PIVOT TO RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT FOR LOWER PRICES AND POWER SYSTEM RESILIENCE - IEEFA
Policymakers and industry leaders ready to embrace new energy technologies
The Department of Energy’s call for a moratorium on ...
Wednesday, 04 November 20
FOREIGN INVESTORS FACE TOUGH TIMES CLOSING VIETNAM’S REMAINING COAL POWER DEALS - IEEFA
Project bankability at risk as new regulations threaten usual contractual terms
Foreign investors will face higher-than-usual risks ...
Wednesday, 04 November 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As the end of the year approaches, one would definitely notice that the newbuilding orderbook for bulk carriers is significantly smaller compared t ...
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- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
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