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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 17 November 20
AUSTRALIAN COAL EXPORTS TO CHINA SLUMP, BUT PRICES ARE MIXED - REUTERS
China’s unofficial ban on coal imports from Australia is starting to take its toll on volumes, with departing cargoes down sharply so far in ...
Friday, 13 November 20
SHIPPING OUTLOOK TURNS STABLE ON EBITDA GROWTH, IMPROVING SUPPLY-DEMAND BALANCE - MOODY’S
Outlook revised to stable from negative.
The global shipping industry is on course to perform better overall than we had previously ex ...
Friday, 13 November 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Monday, 09 November 20
INDONESIA MAY CUT BIODIESEL USE TARGET AS SUBSIDY FUND DEPLETES - FITCH
The Indonesian government may rein in its push to increase use of biodiesel as it now comes at higher cost following a fall in crude oil prices and ...
Monday, 09 November 20
SOUTH AFRICA: COAL MARKET CONDITIONS HAVE ' DETERIORATED MATERIALLY' - IEEFA
The Asian seaborne thermal coal pool is drying out
Resource Generation Ltd’s proposed but long delayed Boikarabelo coal mine i ...
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The University of Queensland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
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