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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 05 January 24
BANGLADESH’S 2023 COAL-FIRED POWER OUTPUT TRIPLED, EASING SHORTAGES - REUTERS
Bangladesh nearly tripled its coal-fired power output in 2023, a Reuters analysis of government data showed, helping it tide over the worst power s ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
COAL TRADE CONTINUES TO HEAD EAST - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The global coal trade, once concentrated in the Pacific and Atlantic basins, is undergoing a significant transformation, as highlighted in the Inte ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
COAL CARGOES: AVOIDING EXPLOSION AND SELF-HEATING - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Despite its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, global coal consumption climbed to an all-time high in 2022 and is ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
SINOPEC FORECASTS CHINA’S COAL CONSUMPTION TO PEAK AROUND 2025 - REUTERS
China Petrochemical Corp, or Sinopec, expects coal consumption to peak around 2025 at 4.37 billion metric tons, the state energy group said in an o ...
Thursday, 07 December 23
CHINA TO SET UP COAL PRODUCTION RESERVE TO STABILISE PRICES - REUTERS
China will establish a back-up coal production system by 2027 to stabilise prices and secure coal supply, the state planner said on Wednesday, even ...
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- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
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