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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 25 November 20
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China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 128.72 points Monday, up 0.35 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
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- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
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