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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 25 November 20
DRY BULK SHIPPING: CHINA REMAINS THE DRIVING FACTOR, BUT COAL POLICY IS DISRUPTING THE MARKET - PETER SAND, BIMCO
The second half of the year has provided some cheer for the dry bulk market, with all ships in the spot market averaging earnings above the break-e ...
Wednesday, 25 November 20
CHINA KICKS AN OWN GOAL WITH AUSTRALIAN COAL - FORBES
China’s annoyance at Australia’s hardline stance on political interference and demands for an independent inquiry into the root cause o ...
Wednesday, 25 November 20
MINISTER - INDONESIA JAN-OCT COAL OUTPUT AT 459 MILLION TONNES - REUTERS
Indonesia coal output in the January to October period was 459 million tonnes, the country’s energy minister told parliament on Monday.
& ...
Wednesday, 25 November 20
INDIA: MORE STEPS NEEDED TO MAKE COMMERCIAL COAL MINING ATTRACTIVE TO GLOBAL PLAYERS - LIVEMINT
India concluded its first commercial coal mine auctions earlier this month. A total of 19 coal mines spread across Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odish ...
Wednesday, 25 November 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.38 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 129.21 points Monday, up 0.38 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
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Showing 726 to 730 news of total 6871 |
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The University of Queensland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
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