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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 02 December 20
INDONESIA CONSIDERING CLOSING 3,400MW SURALAYA COAL PLANT - THE JAKARTA POST
The government is considering to shut down the aging Suralaya coal-fired power plant (PLTU) in Cilegon, Banten, and replace it with green energy, a ...
Wednesday, 02 December 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
It has been another busy week in the dry bulk secondhand market; a healthy number of sales reported predominantly from Japanese owners while owner& ...
Thursday, 26 November 20
DECLINE IN COAL EXPORTS ADDS TO NAVAJO-OWNED COMPANY'S PROBLEMS - IEEFA U.S.
Weak demand and low prices are likely creating steep losses for NTEC
U.S. coal exports to Asia—once heralded as the saving gra ...
Thursday, 26 November 20
COAL FINANCING QUICKLY DRYING UP WORLDWIDE - ANALYSTS : REUTERS
Financing for coal projects is drying up at ever increasing rates as more countries target zero carbon emissions amid an energy transition sweeping ...
Wednesday, 25 November 20
LIBOR REPLACEMENT AND SHIP FINANCE - WHERE IS IT HEADING? - WFW
The likely replacement of the LIBOR at the end of 2021 creates difficult technical and practical issues for all sectors of business and finance. Th ...
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- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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