We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 08 December 20
MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED SHIPPING
It is now undisputed that oil consumption for 2020 will post a considerable drop, as demand for several petroleum products has plummeted since the ...
Tuesday, 08 December 20
PANAMAX: THE OVERALL MARKET SEEMS TO BE UNDER NEGATIVE PRESSURE - ALLIED
Capesize
A rather indifferent week for the Capesize market, with BCI 5TC figure finishing the week with slight losses of 0.8%. The Atlantic enj ...
Friday, 04 December 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Friday, 04 December 20
THE INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE REACHES THREE MONTH HIGH ON IMPROVING DEMAND OUTLOOK
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Price Reference reaches three month high on improving demand outlook . The Indonesia Coal Price Reference rose by& ...
Wednesday, 02 December 20
GLOBAL MINING SECTOR OUTLOOK STABLE DUE TO CHINA'S RECOVERY - FITCH RATINGS
China’s post-pandemic economic recovery and sizeable infrastructure-focused government stimulus boosted global metals and mining prices, help ...
|
|
|
Showing 716 to 720 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
|
| |
| |
|
