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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 16 December 20
CHINA TO BOOST DOMESTIC SUPPLY - FITCH
China’s benchmark Qinhuangdao 5,500kcal/kg coal price rose above the government’s upper yellow interval of CNY600/tonne in early Octobe ...
Wednesday, 16 December 20
INDONESIAN COAL RECOVERING - FITCH
Commenting on Indonesian coal, Fitch Ratings, the Indonesian 4,200 kcal index has begun to recover, improving to over USD 29 in November compared t ...
Tuesday, 15 December 20
NEWCASTLE PRICES RECOVER - FITCH
Prices for the benchmark Newcastle 6,000 kcal/kg grade coal have rebounded to over USD 70/tonne since late November as major Asian economies ease l ...
Tuesday, 15 December 20
APAC COAL PRICES REBOUND ON IMPROVED DEMAND AND SUPPLY CUTS - FITCH RATINGS
Prices for the benchmark Newcastle 6,000kcal/kg grade coal have rebounded to over USD70/tonne since late November as major Asian economies ease loc ...
Tuesday, 15 December 20
CHINA EXTENDS FULL OPEN GESTURE TO IMPORTED COAL EXCEPT FOR AUSTRALIA - GLOBAL TIMES
Domestic, overseas suppliers will take up share with easier clearance
China's top economic planner on Saturday gave approval to ...
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Showing 706 to 710 news of total 6871 |
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Australian Coal Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
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