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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 21 December 20
COAL'S PARTIAL RECOVERY IS SET TO FADE AFTER 2021 - IEA
Global coal consumption is estimated to have fallen by 7%, or over 500 million tonnes, between 2018 in 2020. A decline of this size over a two-year ...
Monday, 21 December 20
A REBOUND IN GLOBAL COAL DEMAND IN 2021 IS SET TO BE SHORT-LIVED, BUT NO IMMEDIATE DECLINE IN SIGHT - IEA
After a major drop in recent years, global coal demand is forecast to rise by 2.6% in 2021 before flattening out to 2025
A global ec ...
Friday, 18 December 20
AUSTRALIA PM WARNS OF ‘LOSE-LOSE’ IN ANY CHINA COAL SHIFT - REUTERS
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison said any shift by China away from importing high quality Australian coal would be a “lose-lose&rdquo ...
Friday, 18 December 20
BIG OIL AND COAL EXPORTERS FACE RECKONING AS PARIS AGREEMENT TURNS FIVE - CNA
On Dec 12, more than 70 global leaders came together at the UN’s Climate Ambition Summit, marking the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreemen ...
Friday, 18 December 20
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL EXPORTERS LARGELY DEPENDENT ON THE ASIAN MARKETS - BANCHERO COSTA
South Africa is the fourth largest exporter of coal in the world, after Australia, Indonesia and Russia. In calendar 2019 the country exported a to ...
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
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- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
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- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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