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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 17 December 20
CHINA'S BAN IS LESS OF A THREAT TO AUSTRALIA'S COAL INDUSTRY THAN INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AMBITION - IEEFA
Australian coal exporters will survive this near-term political fight but there are longterm structural headwinds
The decision by Ch ...
Thursday, 17 December 20
BUMA SIGNED US$1.0 BILLION WORTH OF EXTENSION CONTRACT WITH BERAU COAL
PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama, subsidiary of PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk., has extended its mining services contracts with PT Berau Coal, in relation ...
Wednesday, 16 December 20
INDONESIA 2020 COAL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATED AT 140-145 MLN TONNES - OFFICIAL, REUTERS REPORTED
Indonesia’s domestic coal consumption is estimated at 140-145 million tonnes this year, Dodik Ariyanto, an official at the energy ministry, t ...
Wednesday, 16 December 20
RUSSIA REVISES DOWN EXPORT EXPECTATION - FITCH
The Ministry of Economy of Russia, the world’s third largest thermal coal exporting country, released its annual forecasts ...
Wednesday, 16 December 20
INDIAN COAL IMPORTS TO REMAIN SUBDUED - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Rating commented on Indian Coal Imports, Fitch said, coal imports by Indian utilities fell by about 24% yoy to 44 million tonnes (mt) i ...
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
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