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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 22 December 20
INDIA'S COAL DEMAND IS SET TO EXPAND DESPITE PLUMMETING IN 2020 - IEA
Coal consumption in India amounted to 979 Mt in 2019, with the largest share being thermal coal (including lignite) for electricity generation (687 ...
Tuesday, 22 December 20
SOUTHEAST ASIA'S COAL DEMAND IS SET TO EXPAND AFTER THE PANDEMIC-INDUCED HIATUS IN 2020 - IEA
Coal consumption in Southeast Asia has more than doubled in the last decade, with the largest growth in Indonesia and Viet Nam, followed by Malaysi ...
Tuesday, 22 December 20
COAL DEMAND IS RISING QUICKLY IN PAKISTAN AND MORE SLOWLY IN BANGLADESH - IEA
Pakistan had 150 MW of installed coal power capacity in 2015. Since 2017, in addition to a few small plants for industry, Pakistan has commissioned ...
Tuesday, 22 December 20
AFRICA PERSPECTIVE INDICATES NO MAJOR SHIFTS FOR COAL CONSUMPTION - IEA
Overall countries on the African continent consumed 197 Mt of coal in 2019, 12 Mt less (-6%) than 2018.
South Africa, the continent& ...
Monday, 21 December 20
COAL PRICES WITHSTAND DESPITE COVID-19 AND CHINESE IMPORT QUOTAS - IEA
Coal prices vary by region as well as by grade and quality. The price rebound starting in 2016 ended in 2018, moving in a downward trend in 2019. A ...
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- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
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