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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 29 December 20
CORROSION-RESISTANT STEELS FOR CARGO OIL TANKS - DNV GL
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Crude oil is a complex mixture of substances at varying ratios and in most cases contains at least some salt water. ...
Tuesday, 29 December 20
CHINA COKING COAL FUTURES RISE FOR THIRD DAY ON SUPPLY WORRIES - REUTERS
Chinese coking coal futures extended gains into a third session on Monday, jumping as much as 6.2% as lower imports, sliding inventories and mines ...
Wednesday, 23 December 20
COKING COAL'S DECLINE LIKELY TO FOLLOW THE PATH OF THERMAL COAL’S PROGRESSIVE DEMISE - IEEFA
Technology disruption the likely theme of global energy markets in 2021
There has been a growing tsunami of climate commitment annou ...
Wednesday, 23 December 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we all know, China forges more steel than the rest of the world combined, and even during this unprecedented pandemic, the nation is set to brea ...
Tuesday, 22 December 20
2021 DRY BULK OUTLOOK - SUPPLY GROWTH - TORVALD KLAVENESS
In the first article in the series we mentioned that dry bulk freight was in a super cycle between 2001 and 2008. The growth in global yard capacit ...
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- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The University of Queensland
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bhatia International Limited - India
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