We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 08 January 24
KOSPO TO BUY 80000 MT OF INDONESIAN LOW CALORIFIC VALUE COAL FOR FEB 2024
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), is inviting bids for the supply of Indonesian Low Calorific Value Coal from qualified suppliers for Korean ...
Monday, 08 January 24
SEABORNE TRADE REACHES 12.4BN TONNES - CLARKSONS
China will establish a back-up coal production system by 2027 to stabilise prices and secure coal supply, the state planner said on Wednesday, even ...
Monday, 08 January 24
CAPESIZES START THE NEW YEAR ON POSITIVE NOTE - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Capesize
This week the capsize market has been marked by a mix of activities and challenges. Despite a slow start following the Christmas and N ...
Friday, 05 January 24
MORGAN STANLEY SEES LOWER OIL PRICES IN 2024 ON OVERSUPPLY CONCERNS - REUTERS
Morgan Stanley sees Brent crude prices anchored near $80 per barrel in the first half in 2024 before declining towards the end of the year as it ex ...
Friday, 05 January 24
INDIA'S COAL OUTPUT RISES NEARLY 11 PC IN DEC TO 92.87 MT - PTI
India’s coal production increased by 10.75 per cent to 92.87 million tonne in December 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, an official s ...
|
|
|
Showing 56 to 60 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PTC India Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
|
| |
| |
|
