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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 04 January 21
U.S. RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION SURPASSES COAL FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OVER 130 YEARS - EIA
In 2019, U.S. annual energy consumption from renewable sources exceeded coal consumption for the first time since before 1885, according to the U.S ...
Monday, 04 January 21
BLISS FOR SHIPOWNERS! DAMAGES MAY BE CLAIMED IN ADDITION TO DEMURRAGE FOR VOYAGE CHARTERPARTY DELAY - WFW
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In a significant decision for the maritime sector, The Eternal Bliss[1], the English Commercial Court has resol ...
Sunday, 03 January 21
INDIA: COMMERCE MINISTRY LAUNCHES COAL IMPORT MONITORING SYSTEM - PTI
CIMS shall require importers to submit advance information in an online system for imports of items and obtain an automatic registration number by ...
Wednesday, 30 December 20
A LOOK BACK INTO 2020: THE HEADWINDS, THE TAILWINDS AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN - SIGNAL
There is no doubt that 2020 has been a turbulent year for commercial shipping. The coronavirus pandemic has shaken the global maritime transport. T ...
Tuesday, 29 December 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.66 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 134.78 points Monday, up 0.66 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- The University of Queensland
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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