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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 07 January 21
FITCH FORECASTS DOUBLING IN ASIAN WIND, SOLAR CAPACITY BY 2029, TOPPING 1,500GW
Despite some near-term delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic, solar power and offshore wind will drive steep growth in non-hydro renewables in Asia, ...
Wednesday, 06 January 21
INDONESIA EXCEEDS COAL PRODUCTION TARGET IN 2020
Indonesian coal production reached 557.54 Million Tons in 2020 1.37% higher than of last year’s total target of 550.00 Million Tons, accordin ...
Wednesday, 06 January 21
CHINESE CITIES REPORTEDLY GO DARK AS COUNTRY FACES SHORTAGE OF COAL, A MAJOR AUSTRALIAN EXPORT - CNBC
Several major Chinese cities have reportedly gone dark as authorities limit power usage, citing a shortage of coal.
Analysts said pr ...
Tuesday, 05 January 21
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 136 points Monday, up 0.91 percent week on week.
The index, released by China Ta ...
Tuesday, 05 January 21
THE INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE SOARS TO HIGHEST ONE-MONTH INCREASE SINCE DECEMBER 2016
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for January 2021 settles above $75 for the first time since July 2019 and to highest one-month inc ...
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- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Australian Coal Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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