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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 13 January 21
CHINA THERMAL GENCO PROFITS FACE PRESSURE AMID POWER SHORTAGES - FITHCH WIRE
High coal and gas prices will put near-term pressure on margins for thermal power generators in China, says Fitch Ratings. However, the power short ...
Wednesday, 13 January 21
COAL TO BE BIGGEST CONTRIBUTOR TO INDIA'S $5 TRILLION ECONOMY: AMIT SHAH - BUSINESS STANDARD
The Centre on Monday awarded the letter of allocation to successful bidders of coal mines under the commercial auction held during October-November ...
Monday, 11 January 21
MUTED COAL RECOVERY IN 2021 - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Coal demand is expected to rebound in 2021
Medium-term outlook is less favourable although demand declines are expected to be subtle ...
Sunday, 10 January 21
KOREAN GENCOS INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 880,000 TONS OF COAL FOR MARCH 2021 LOADING
COALspot.com: Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd. (KOEN), on behalf of EWP, KOSPO, KOSEP and KOWEPO issued an international tender for total 880 ...
Friday, 08 January 21
INDIA COULD COMPETE AGAINST CHINA IN SOLAR MODULE PRODUCTION WITH THE RIGHT GOVERNMENT SUPPORT - IEEFA
The focus should be on helping manufacturers become globally competitive
Although one of the top 10 solar module producers in the world, India ...
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- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PTC India Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
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