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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 16 January 21
SEABORNE TRADE IN STEAM COAL DECREASED BY 11.6% FROM 937 MILLION TONNES IN 2019 TO 828 MILLION TONNES IN 2020 - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, GERMANY
According to preliminary calculations by the German Coal Importers Association (Verein der Kohlenimporteure e. V.), global hard coal production dec ...
Friday, 15 January 21
OVER US$50 BILLION IN GAS POWER PROJECTS AND LNG IMPORT FACILITIES AT RISK OF CANCELLATION IN BANGLADESH, PAKISTAN AND VIETNAM - IEEFA
Pakistan and Bangladesh have already cancelled tenders for LNG imports
Emerging markets such as Vietnam, Pakistan and Bangladesh tha ...
Friday, 15 January 21
VIETNAM'S EXTRAORDINARY ROOFTOP SOLAR SUCCESS DEALS ANOTHER BLOW TO THE REMAINING COAL PIPELINE - IEEFA
9.3 gigawatts peak of solar capacity, equal to 6 coal power plants, installed in less than a year
Vietnam’s solar power indust ...
Friday, 15 January 21
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Thursday, 14 January 21
KOREA MIDLAND POWER INVITED BIDS FOR AUSTRALIAN COAL FOR THREE YEARS SUPPLY
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co. Ltd, issued an International tender for total 1,560,000 MT of Min.5,700 kcal/kg NCV coal of Australian Origin ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
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