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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 23 January 21
GOVT PLANNING TO OPEN UP COAL MARKETING TO STREAMLINE PROCESS - THE INDIAN EXPRESS
The government is considering opening up coal marketing, Coal Secretary Anil Kumar Jain said on Thursday. Currently, production by Coal India is al ...
Thursday, 21 January 21
LNG MARKET RIDING HIGH, BUT WILL THE GAINS CONTINUE? - DREWRY
The LNG market started 2021 on a high note with Asian spot prices crossing $30 per MMBtu while LNG shipping rates recorded a high $350k per day due ...
Thursday, 21 January 21
CHINA'S SPOT THERMAL COAL PRICES REFRESH RECORD HIGH - MYSTEEL
Despite the moderate rebound in temperatures across most regions of China after late December’s deep-freeze, thermal coal prices in the count ...
Wednesday, 20 January 21
CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK IN HEBEI HAS LIMITED IMPACT ON CHINA'S STEEL INDUSTRY - FITCH RATINGS
The recent Covid-19 outbreak in the steel producing hub Hebei will not have material impact on China’s steel industry, Fitch Ratings says.
...
Wednesday, 20 January 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While 2020 is finally behind us, its negative impacts are still hovering over the shipping market. That being said, it is still too early to even s ...
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- White Energy Company Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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