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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 27 January 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we have entered the era off renewable energies, all industries globally give max effort to minimize their carbon footprint and consequently thei ...
Monday, 25 January 21
ULTRAMAX YET ANOTHER POSITIVE WEEK FOR THE SECTOR, WHICH SAW INCREASED DEMAND ACROSS ALL BASINS - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market rocked and rolled these past few days. But by weeks end little had changed on the Capesize 5TC as it settled down ...
Monday, 25 January 21
NEW LAW IN CALIFORNIA, USA, AFFECTING SHIPOWNERS' LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION - BIMCO
Members are advised that amendments to the so-called Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act of 1990 in the State of Californ ...
Monday, 25 January 21
COAL INDIA SAYS GEARED UP TO MEET SURGE IN FUEL DEMAND FROM POWER SECTOR - PTI
State-owned Coal India Ltd on Saturday said that it is well geared to meet any surge in demand for coal from the power sector.
The s ...
Sunday, 24 January 21
GOVT ASSURES COAL INDIA OF 'FULL SUPPORT', STRESSES ON LEARNING 'NEW THINGS' - PTI
Coal Minister Pralhad Joshi assured Coal India of full government support, even as he said the PSU needs to learn “new things” for impr ...
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- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The University of Queensland
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
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