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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 29 January 21
COAL EXPORTS FROM AUSTRALIA TO MAINLAND CHINA DECLINED BY -22.2% Y-O-Y IN 2020 - BANCHERO COSTA
In the 12 months of 2020, global seaborne coal trade declined by as much as -12.7% year-on-year, according to vessel tracking data from Refinitiv, ...
Friday, 29 January 21
OPEC+, COVID-19 AND ENERGY TRANSITION - 3 THEMES IMPACTING OIL MARKETS AND REFINING IN 2021 - WOOD MACKENZIE
Wood Mackenzie’s latest outlook report shows that the art of balancing oil markets and the refining sector in 2021 hinges upon three key them ...
Thursday, 28 January 21
STRONG CHINESE THERMAL COAL IMPORTS TO BENEFIT INDONESIAN MINERS IN THE NEAR TERM - FITCH RATINGS
China's thermal coal imports are likely to remain strong ahead of the Chinese New Year in mid-February on robust demand, high utilisation at do ...
Thursday, 28 January 21
WIND PROPULSION FOR DRY BULK CARRIERS - OLDENDORFF
Oldendorff Carriers (OC) has signed a Joint Development Project (JDP) with Anemoi Marine Technologies (Anemoi), Lloyd’s Register (LR) and Sha ...
Thursday, 28 January 21
BUMA PRICED A USD400 MILLION 7.75% 5-YEAR SENIOR NOTES
PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. announced that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama priced a USD400 million 5-year (non-callable 2-year)& ...
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- Australian Coal Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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