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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 03 February 21
INDONESIA TO EXPORT 395 MILLION TONS OF COAL IN 2021 - ESDM
Data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources shows that, Indonesia is planning to produce 550 million Ton of coal in 2021 and as of t ...
Wednesday, 03 February 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
"2020 the year from hell for the entire world, had everything for shipowners. The introduction of the sulphur cap and VLSFO, a Pandemic outbre ...
Tuesday, 02 February 21
WILL THE ELECTRONIC B/L BE FULLY IMPLEMENTED? FIVE POINTS TO CONSIDER - MOL
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The trend towards digitization of Bills of Lading (B/L) has begun to attract attention in the trade and shipping industrie ...
Monday, 01 February 21
A 56,000-DWT OPEN MANILA WAS FIXED FOR A TRIP VIA INDONESIA REDELIVERY CHINA AT $11,500 - THE BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize routes endured a week of slippage on rates, bringing the market back down to levels seen at the beginning of the month. D ...
Monday, 01 February 21
PAKISTAN: COAL DEMAND EXPECTED TO SPIKE IN 2021 - DAWN
Coal demand is expected to remain upbeat in 2021 as more coal-fired and captive power plants are coming up in the current year.
Acco ...
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- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Australian Coal Association
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
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