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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 10 February 21
FY21 COAL DEMAND MAY BE LOWER THAN PREVIOUSLY ESTIMATED DUE TO COVID-19: PRALHAD JOSHI - PTI
Coal demand in the current fiscal may be lower than the initial estimate of 1,085 million tonnes (MT) due to the impact of COVID-19, Parliament was ...
Wednesday, 10 February 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
We have just entered February, Chinese New Year holidays are about to start and the SnP market for bulkers is so hot as every seller would dream of ...
Tuesday, 09 February 21
SWITCHING COAL PLANTS TO PLN'S BIOMASS COFIRING PLAN IS NO MAGIC BULLET - IEEFA
Implementation risks for Indonesia PLN's switch from coal to biomass cofiring
PLN’s biomass cofiring plan will require not ...
Friday, 05 February 21
THE INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE FOR FEBRUARY 2021 SETTLES AT US$ 87.79 PER TON FOB VESSEL
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for February 2021 settles at US$ 87.79 per ton FOB vessel. The February reference price is the hig ...
Thursday, 04 February 21
WHY BANGLADESH SHOULDN’T COUNT ON A FOSSIL FUEL FUTURE - IEEFA
Around US$50 billion of LNG projects in Asia at risk of cancellation
Two astonishing figures have circulated in the Asian energy sector in the ...
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- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- White Energy Company Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
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