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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 24 February 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
With yields of up to 563%, the shares of Greek shipping companies listed on Wall Street are recorded. The Coronavirus pandemic has not significantl ...
Sunday, 21 February 21
ANZ DIVESTING FROM THE WORLD’S LARGEST COAL EXPORT PORT IS 'PRAGMATISM' - IEEFA
The biggest buyers of Australian thermal coal have committed to net-zero emissions
ANZ, Australia’s third largest bank, has decided to s ...
Sunday, 21 February 21
EDITORIAL: TIME FOR BANGLADESH TO FOCUS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, NOT COAL - DHAKA TRIBUNE
Shifting away from coal is not only desirable, but absolutely necessary in these times.
In spite of being detrimental to environment ...
Wednesday, 17 February 21
STRANDED ASSETS A LONG-TERM RISK FOR MAJOR FOSSIL FUEL EXPORTERS - FITCH RATINGS
Fossil exporters face a loss of GDP, government revenue and export receipts from the transition to a lower-carbon economy over the coming decades. ...
Friday, 12 February 21
U.S: WIND SURPASSED COAL AS NO. 1 FUEL SOURCE IN 2020 FOR SOUTHWEST POWER POOL - IEEFA
Wind energy growth due to geography, design factors, and new installations
Wind surpassed coal as the primary power generation sourc ...
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
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