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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 27 February 21
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES DOWN - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Saturday, 27 February 21
FITCH RATINGS REVISES GLOBAL METALS AND MINING PRICE ASSUMPTIONS
Fitch Ratings has revised some of its metals and mining price assumptions as prices for many commodities will benefit in the short term from return ...
Saturday, 27 February 21
MITSUBISHI PULLS OUT OF VINH TAN 3 COAL PROJECT IN VIETNAM - NIKKEI ASIA
Japanese trading house Mitsubishi Corp. decided Thursday to withdraw from the Vinh Tan 3 coal-fired power plant project in Vietnam amid growing int ...
Thursday, 25 February 21
ARE WE ON THE CUSP OF ANOTHER MINING SUPER-CYCLE? - WOOD MACKENZIE
As the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic began to bite, many observers confidently predicted that the end was nigh for global economic activit ...
Thursday, 25 February 21
2020 PROVED TO BE A TRULY TERRIBLE YEAR FOR SEABORNE COAL TRADE - BANCHERO COSTA
Total loadings in the 12 months of 2020 were down -12.7% year-on-year to 1,130 million tonnes, according to vessels tracking data from Refinitiv, s ...
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- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- The University of Queensland
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
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