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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 08 March 21
MARCH 2021 INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE SETTLES LOWER
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for March 2021 settles at US$ 84.49 per ton FOB vessel.
The Indonesia coal pr ...
Saturday, 06 March 21
AUSTRALIAN COAL: SOME WEAKNESS COULD MATERIALIZE AFTER THE WINTER - ING
Newcastle coal prices remain well supported for now, however as we move out of the winter months we would expect prices to come under pressure. Mea ...
Saturday, 06 March 21
ASIA SEABORNE COAL PRICES START TO RETREAT, CHINA-AUSTRALIA DISPUTE LINGERS - REUTERS
There are signs that the price and demand surge for coal during the recent colder-than-expected winter across North Asia is starting to ease, even ...
Thursday, 04 March 21
HEAD OF JBIC SAYS THE JAPANESE BANK WILL NOT FUND NEW COAL PLANT DEVELOPMENT - NHK NEWS
The governor of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation has said that the government-owned financial institution will stop funding new coal-fi ...
Wednesday, 03 March 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Following the recent rally to multi year highs of metal-based commodities, amid an unprecedented global economic stimulus, discussions of an emergi ...
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
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