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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 12 March 21
INDIA SHOULD FOCUS ON REDUCING COAL POWER GENERATION INSTEAD OF CAPACITY - IEEFA
Nearly half of existing coal power in India is more expensive than new renewable power
To get to its ambitious climate targets, Indi ...
Friday, 12 March 21
BATTERIES ARE REPLACING COAL NOT GAS - IEEFA
No amount of government subsidies can halt gas’s decline
Batteries are replacing coal not gas.
Today the early ...
Friday, 12 March 21
RENEWABLES SHOULD BE FOCUS OF VIETNAM’S DRAFT PDP8, NOT COAL AND GAS - IEEFA
Evidence was clear to inform the next stage of Vietnam’s power development
Vietnam’s recently published draft power deve ...
Thursday, 11 March 21
U.S. TO PRODUCE 581 MMST IN 2021, UP 8% FROM 2020 - EIA
EIA expects U.S. coal production to total 581 MMst in 2021, 42 MMst (8%) more than in 2020. In 2022, EIA expects coal production to rise by a furth ...
Thursday, 11 March 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Assessing the ship repair sector during the first months of 2021, we have come across a new era in which Owners chose the shipyards to repair their ...
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- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- The University of Queensland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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