We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 24 March 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Since the start of the pandemic, the shipping industry has efficiently responded to ensure the continuity of operations and hence the security of s ...
Tuesday, 23 March 21
LOWER WHOLESALE PRICES PUT PRESSURE ON AUSTRALIAN ENERGY RETAILERS - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects the low wholesale energy prices in the Australian National Energy Market to persist through to 2022, which will affect electr ...
Tuesday, 23 March 21
SCRUBBER-FITTED SHIPS NEARLY DOUBLE AS FUEL SPREAD SETTLES AT $118 PER MT - PETER SAND
As the lion’s share of the world fleet replaced high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) with low-sulphur fuel oil (LFSO) as a mean of propulsion to be c ...
Tuesday, 23 March 21
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT EDGES UP IN FIRST TWO MONTHS - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output rose 25 percent year on year to 620 million tonnes in the first two months of 2021, official data showed.
...
Wednesday, 17 March 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Shipping market players are familiar with the inverse correlation between the freight market and demolition activity i.e. when the market picks up ...
|
|
|
Showing 616 to 620 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PTC India Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
|
| |
| |
|
