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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 29 March 21
MOODY'S: OUTLOOK FOR GLOBAL METALS AND MINING INDUSTRY TURNS POSITIVE ON HIGHER EBITDA IN PANDEMIC'S WAKE
- Demand for steel, iron ore and copper will rise, while aluminum, nickel and zinc will remain in surplus
- EBITDA is expected to ...
Thursday, 25 March 21
'OMNIBUS LAW' REGULATION ON INDONESIA’S ENERGY AND MINING SECTORS TO BOOST COAL PROCESSING BUT ALSO RAISES QUESTIONS - ABNR
February 2021 saw the issuance of a raft of new government regulations to give effect to the reformist Job Creation Law (colloquially known as the ...
Thursday, 25 March 21
PROPOSED SWITCH FROM COAL TO LNG THREATENS RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA - IEEFA
Renewables offer an ever cheaper, financially sustainable and energy secure alternative, better able to support developing nations
A ...
Thursday, 25 March 21
MAJOR INVESTMENT ADVISORS BLACKROCK AND MEKETA PROVIDE A FIDUCIARY PATH THROUGH THE ENERGY TRANSITION - IEEFA
BlackRock and Meketa say divestment from fossil fuels improves, not weakens, investment returns
Two major financial management firms ...
Thursday, 25 March 21
EUROPE PASSES MILESTONE WITH HALF OF COAL PLANTS CLOSED OR SET TO RETIRE BY 2030 - EURACTIV
Half of Europe’s 324 coal-fueled power plants have either closed or announced a retirement date before 2030, it emerged on Monday (22 March) ...
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Australian Coal Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The Treasury - Australian Government
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