We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 07 April 21
KOMIPO ISSUED A TENDER FOR TOTAL 1,560,000 METRIC TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a tender for total 1,560,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous coal for i ...
Wednesday, 07 April 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Following the end of the catholic easter, during which the majority of shipping market participants were on holidays, it is interesting to note a f ...
Wednesday, 07 April 21
COAL USED TO GENERATE ELECTRIC POWER IN U.S. WILL INCREASE BY 13 PERCENT TO 495 MMST IN 2021 - EIA
EIA expects U.S. coal production to total 585 MMst in 2021, 46 MMst (9%) more than in 2020. In 2022, EIA expects coal production to grow by an addi ...
Wednesday, 31 March 21
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.12 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 139.03 points Monday, up 0.12 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Wednesday, 31 March 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Over the past week, the biggest story has been the blockage of the Suez Canal, as a result of the grounding of the container ship Ever Given. At th ...
|
|
|
Showing 606 to 610 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
|
| |
| |
|
