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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 14 April 21
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 1.10 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 138.05 points Monday, down 1.10 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
Wednesday, 14 April 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
After a series of months where the dry bulk sector was attracting most of the buying interest, tankers SnP activity spiked in the previous weeks. O ...
Tuesday, 13 April 21
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE IN APRIL UP AGAIN ON FIRM DEMAND
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for April 2021 settles at US$ 86.68 per ton FOB vessel.
The Indonesia coal pr ...
Monday, 12 April 21
CHINA'S ECONOMIC RECOVERY PUSHES COAL MINES TO INCREASE YIELD - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s fast economic rebound from coronavirus has driven up electricity demand, leading to higher consumption of coal which is seeing rising ...
Monday, 12 April 21
GLOBAL COAL PRODUCTION EXPECTED TO RISE BY 3.5% IN 2021, SAYS GLOBALDATA
Global coal output is estimated to have declined by 2% in 2020 due to COVID-19-related lockdowns and restrictions, with significant reductions obse ...
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The University of Queensland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
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