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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 18 April 21
INDONESIA LIKELY TO WITNESS 119 OIL AND GAS PROJECTS STARTS ACROSS VALUE CHAIN BY 2025, SAYS GLOBALDATA
Indonesia is expected to witness 119 oil and gas projects commencing their operations across value chain during 2021-2025, accounting for 6% of the ...
Sunday, 18 April 21
WORLDSTEEL RAISES 2021 STEEL DEMAND GROWTH FORECAST TO 5.8% - WORLDSTEEL
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) today released its Short Range Outlook (SRO) for 2021 and 2022. worldsteel forecasts that steel demand wil ...
Sunday, 18 April 21
CHINA'S Q1 COAL OUTPUT RISES 16% ON STRONG DEMAND FOR WINTER HEATING - REUTERS
China’s coal output rose 16% in the first quarter from the same period last year, bolstered by strong demand for winter heating and robust in ...
Wednesday, 14 April 21
INDIA HAS A RECORD LEVEL OF STOCKPILED COAL DAMPENING NEED FOR NEW DOMESTIC MINES - IEEFA
Proposed coal mining expansions at odds with excess supply
India has stockpiled a record 132 million tonnes of coal – enough t ...
Wednesday, 14 April 21
BANGLADESH NEEDS A RENEWABLES FOCUS, NOT A SWITCH FROM 'COAL TO GAS' - IEEFA
Renewables are cheaper and more sustainable than gas imports, and can provide better energy security in developing nations
The emerg ...
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Economic Council, Georgia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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