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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 30 April 21
HIGH-SULPHUR FUEL OIL SALES REBOUND AFTER PRE-IMO 2020 - BIMCO
HSFO sales are up 47.2% from Q1 2020, reaching 3.1m tonnes. This is however still less than a third of high-sulphur fuel sales in Q1 2019, before t ...
Wednesday, 28 April 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Despite the current challenges as a result of the global pandemic, 2021 is turning out to be a landmark year for the iron ore market with spot pric ...
Monday, 26 April 21
CHINA TO FURTHER CUT COAL USE IN 2021 - XINHUA
China aims to reduce the share of coal in its energy mix to less than 56% this year, according to a guideline released by the National Energy Admin ...
Wednesday, 21 April 21
COAL FINANCING COSTS HAVE SURGED IN PAST 10 YEARS - UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD - THE GUARDIAN
Coal financing costs have surged over the last decade as investors demand returns four times as high as the payoff required from renewable energy p ...
Tuesday, 20 April 21
US DOLLAR LIBOR TRANSITION IN ASSET FINANCE - WHERE ARE WE NOW? - WATSON FARLEY & WILLIAMS
Since our last article, there has been a raft of regulatory and market body announcements relating to the transition away from LIBOR and the follow ...
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- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
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- White Energy Company Limited
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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