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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 08 May 21
LNG-TO-POWER INVESTORS IN THE PHILIPPINES RISK EXPOSURE TO $14 BILLION IN STRANDED ASSETS - IEEFA
High regulatory and financial uncertainty in the Philippines market
The race to develop liquified natural gas (LNG) facilities in th ...
Saturday, 08 May 21
THE COAL-TO-RENEWABLES TRANSITION TAKES OFF - IEEFA
Pre-Biden changes underscore coming 10-year wave of coal plant retirements
The traditional S-curve growth exhibited by disruptive te ...
Friday, 07 May 21
CHINA'S TOTAL COAL IMPORTS FOR 2020 REACHED A VOLUME OF 304 MILLION TONS - ASSOCARBONI
Our benchmarks, manufacturing Countries like China, Germany, Japan, India, South Korea and Taiwan will continue to use a mix of coal and nuclear to ...
Friday, 07 May 21
SEABORNE WORLD COAL TRADE CLOSED 2020 IN NEGATIVE - ASSOCARBONI
Coal confirmed its leadership as leading fuel for electricity generation also in 2020, accounting for 38% of overall production. For the first time ...
Friday, 07 May 21
INDONESIA'S THERMAL COAL EXPORTS IN 2020 DECREASED BY 13%; INDIA REMAINED THE TOP DESTINATION FOR INDONESIAN COAL - ASSOCARBONI
An increase in seaborne trade is forecast for 2022, driven by markets in Southeast Asia, where growing demand for coal from Bangladesh, the Philipp ...
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- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Australian Coal Association
- The University of Queensland
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
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