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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 12 May 21
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TO INCREASE BY 43 MMST IN 2021 TOTAL 582 MILLION SHORT TONS - EIA
U.S. energy Information Administration expects U.S. coal production to total 582 million short tons (MMst) in 2021, 43 MMst (8%) more than in 2020. ...
Wednesday, 12 May 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Tanker S&P is finally back!
For an extended period, Dry bulk & Wet market rates have been diverging, with the SnP deals on each sect ...
Monday, 10 May 21
PAKISTAN: COAL GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION HARMFUL TO ECONOMY - IEEFA
There is no second life for coal
Pakistan’s intention to use coal for power production through gasification and liquefaction technologie ...
Sunday, 09 May 21
HERE'S WHY INVESTORS ARE POURING MONEY INTO COAL, DESPITE ITS BLEAK FUTURE - FORBES
Coal stocks have surged this year – along with the wider energy sector – but experts warn these are likely short-term gains for an indu ...
Sunday, 09 May 21
MAYBANK TO STOP COAL FINANCING - BERNAMA
Malayan Banking Bhd (Maybank) will stop financing new coal activities as part of its sustainable agenda.
Currently, coal financing m ...
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- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
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- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
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- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
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- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PTC India Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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- Aditya Birla Group - India
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- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
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- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
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- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
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- Economic Council, Georgia
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- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
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