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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 26 May 21
NEW POWER AND ENERGY MASTER PLAN MUST BE DESIGNED IN BANGLADESH'S BEST INTERESTS, NOT JAPAN'S - IEEFA
JICA must deliver a low or zero emissions plan as promised, not fund Matarbari 2 coal plant
Clear understandings from the Bangladesh ...
Tuesday, 25 May 21
KOREA SOUTHERN POWER INVITED BIDS FOR 870,000 MT OF MIN 5300 NCV COAL FOR 2021 TO 2023.
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for total 870,000 MT of Min 5,300 kcal/kg NCV coal for Augu ...
Tuesday, 25 May 21
CHINA’S COAL OUTPUT RISES IN FIRST FOUR MONTHS - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output rose 11.1 percent year on year to 1.29 billion tonnes in the first four months of 2021, official data showed.
&nb ...
Tuesday, 25 May 21
MARINE SHIPPERS BULK UP: ANOTHER GAME OF CHICKEN IN THE WORKS? - THE KOREA TIMES
Global shipping companies have been placing orders for large ships, with many anticipating further increased competition within the next three year ...
Friday, 21 May 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The dry bulk market’s counter seasonal surge so far into the first half of the year -in a sort of 2010 manner - and Capesize’s recent r ...
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- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PTC India Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Planning Commission, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
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