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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 27 May 21
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR 1.56 MILLION TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO) has issued an international tender for total 1,560,000 MT of Bituminous Coal to be used a ...
Thursday, 27 May 21
CHINA POWER DEMAND EXCEEDS PRE-COVID-19 LEVELS; THERMAL OUTPUT STRONG - FITCH RATINGS
Rising Consumption: Total power consumption rose by 21.2% yoy to 1,921.9GWh in 1Q21 due to the fast recovery of China’s economy, after a drop ...
Thursday, 27 May 21
CHINA'S POWER DEMAND EXCEEDS PRE-PANDEMIC LEVELS; RENEWABLES TO DRIVE DEVELOPMENT - FITCH RATINGS
China's power consumption exceeded the pre-Covid-19 levels in 1Q21 due to the country's fast economic recovery, with strong output from the ...
Wednesday, 26 May 21
THE INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE FOR MAY 2021 SETTLES AT US$ 89.74 PER TON
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for May 2021 settles at US$ 89.74 per ton FOB vessel.
The Indonesia coal pric ...
Wednesday, 26 May 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Last year crude tankers’ newbuilding contracting activity was devastated by the economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and the cloud of un ...
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- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
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