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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 01 June 21
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.02 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 160.06 points Monday, down 0.02 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
Tuesday, 01 June 21
BUMA PRODUCED 11.4 MILLION TONNES OF COAL IN 4Q 2020, 5% LOWER COMPARED TO 12.2 MILLION TONNES IN 4Q 2019
PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. presents its newsletter with consolidated financial and operating results that include its primary and wholly-owne ...
Sunday, 30 May 21
PAKISTAN IS PLANNING TO END COAL IMPORTS, WORSENING OUTLOOK FOR SOUTH AFRICAN COAL - IEEFA
The growing and irreversible risks being faced by South African coal exporters
As Thungela Resources’ CEO attempts to talk up ...
Sunday, 30 May 21
G7 COAL FINANCE EXIT AND WHY IT MATTERS FOR INDIA - IEEFA
While India doesn’t rely on export credit finance to fund new coal plants, there are material implications
The commitment by the Group o ...
Saturday, 29 May 21
SKULD’S IMO 2020 SULPHUR CAP EXPERIENCE
More than a year has passed since the International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandate for the 0.50% sulphur cap for marine fuel (MARPOL Annex VI) ...
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- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- White Energy Company Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
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