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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 05 June 21
IT'S TIME FOR THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION TO CHAMPION RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES, NOT NUCLEAR OR FOSSIL GAS - IEEFA
Fossil gas and nuclear investments risk locking in costly, outdated infrastructure for the long-term
The United States has spent the ...
Friday, 04 June 21
NEW COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS IN INDIA WILL BE ECONOMICALLY UNVIABLE - IEEFA
Coal capacity additions face major stranded asset risk
Much of India’s 33 gigawatts (GW) of coal-fired power capacity currently under co ...
Thursday, 03 June 21
JUNE HBA IS HITTING ABOVE $100 AND SETTLED AT ITS HIGHEST SINCE OCTOBER 2020
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for June 2021 settles at US$ 100.33 per ton FOB vessel.
The Indonesia coal pr ...
Wednesday, 02 June 21
INDONESIA RV WAS DOWN TO LOW/MID $20,000S DAY FOR PANAMAX/KAMSARMAX WITH DELIVERY S CHINA - BANCHERO COSTA
Panamax
A softening week in the Pacific basin with rates under a downward pressure mainly caused by the oversupply of tonnage in the area, said ...
Wednesday, 02 June 21
EUROPEAN UNION'S IRON ORE IMPORTS - BANCHERO COSTA
The European Union (27) is currently the fourth largest importer of iron ore in the world, after China, Japan, and South Korea.
Euro ...
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Planning Commission, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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