We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 10 June 21
INDONESIA COAL EARNINGS RECOVERY TO SLOW AFTER STRONG 1Q - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects the recovery in operating and financial performance of Indonesian coal miners and coal contractors to slow during rest of 202 ...
Thursday, 10 June 21
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TO TOTAL 600 MMST IN 2021, 11% MORE THAN IN 2020 - EIA
EIA expects U.S. coal production to total 600 million short tons (MMst) in 2021, which is 61 MMst (11%) more than in 2020.
The increase is dri ...
Wednesday, 09 June 21
SHIPTEK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & AWARDS 2021
The In-Person Maritime Event
SHIPTEK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & AWARDS 2021
culminates successfully in Dubai
Press Release: ...
Wednesday, 09 June 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
“Counter cyclical investments.” usually take place by investing in a “bad” market at the point that ensures that the acquir ...
Saturday, 05 June 21
KOMIPO INVITED 5600 NAR COAL OFFERS FOR THREE YEARS SUPPLY; 520,000 MT PER YEAR
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO) has issued an international tender for total 1,560,000 MT of Bituminous Coal to be used a ...
|
|
|
Showing 556 to 560 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The University of Queensland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- White Energy Company Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
