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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 16 June 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
“While approaching the second half of the year and summer season is just around the corner, COVID vaccination programs are steadily moving fo ...
Monday, 14 June 21
'WISHFUL THINKING': WHY CHINA NEEDS AUSTRALIAN IRON ORE FOR 'MANY YEARS' TO COME - YAHOO FINANCE AU
A “wintry period”.
That’s what’s expected to happen to Australia’s economy “when” China st ...
Sunday, 13 June 21
COAL AND LNG’S SURGE IN ASIA PLAYS INTO RENEWABLE ENERGY HANDS - REUTERS
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and thermal coal prices in Asia have been roaring ahead in recent months amid strong demand, but while welcome news for ...
Friday, 11 June 21
5 REASONS GLOBAL SHIPPING COSTS WILL CONTINUE TO RISE - ING
No short-term relief
Shipping costs have been growing strongly since the autumn of 2020, but the first months of this year have seen a new surg ...
Friday, 11 June 21
ASIA COAL PRICES SURGE, BUT CHINA-AUSTRALIA DISPUTE MEANS RALLY IS UNEVEN - REUTERS
Thermal coal prices across Asia have surged to multi-year highs amid strong demand and some supply constraints, but some types of the fuel have don ...
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- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
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- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
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